With a per capita GDP considerably under USD 1,000, CAR is a relatively underdeveloped nation. The long history of Iraq has been marred several times by the ravages of war. The United States of America. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2012-2023 On Secret Hunt - All Rights Reserved Ivory Coast Mali United Kingdom: 180 5. It also serves to remember how Putin came to power in 1999. Central African Republic Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. These findings are outlined in a new book, All the Countries Weve Ever Invaded: And the Few We Never Got Round To. To name a few. What Were the Main Causes of World War II? Web1. The worlds costliest civil war, in terms of the number of lives lost during combat and in events relating to the war, is the Russian Civil War of 1917-22. One of the things preventing the countrys progress has been this unpredictability. Somalia: As a nation, Somalia has been struggling with a variety of issues. Add to that the tendency for empires and hoards to push it to their limit and Poland tends to get in the way. (Also, during this period the USSR occupied the Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, until the 1991 fall of the USSR). Fear of additional attacks swept the country. , Russia. United Kingdom Active Personnel: 150,000, Reserves: 182,000 Tanks: 407, Artillery: 227 Air Fighters: 91, Helicopters: 397 Naval Strength: 76 (Submarines: 10, Aircraft Carriers: 1) Nuclear Warheads: 215 We can keep going back until we get to the Elmaites and Sumerians 6000 years ago. Advertising Notice Sweden has not been part of a war since 1814. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. Chad The central government promised in June that the most vulnerable Ukrainians would receive monthly help from a 52.8 million-euro ($56 million) fund, with direct payments made through Spains regional administrations. At various times, a new study found, the British have invaded almost 90 per cent of the countries around the globe. The leverage that opposing generals have amassed would be lessened if these organizations were combined under a single national framework. It took the lives of 58,000 Americans and an estimated 2.5 million Vietnamese. Tajikistan Austria: 115 7. Crimea was traded to Russia by the Ottoman Empire as part of the treaty provisions and annexed in 1783. (AP Photo/Joan Mateu Parra, File), Connect with the definitive source for global and local news. Mali WebThe rankings evaluate 85 countries across 26 rankings drawn from a survey of more than 17,000 global citizens, measuring 73 dimensions that have the potential to drive trade, World War II officially ended in most parts of Europe on May 8 (V-E Day). While gaining control of Afghanistan may not be difficult, as the British, Soviets, and Americans have all discovered, doing so demands a different strategy. Within minutes the West condemned the occupation. Afghanistan is one of the worlds poorest countries. Belarus Accusations of Russian FSB involvement have been the subject of a number of articles and books over the years, Former Russian State Security Council chief Alexandr Lebed, in his Sept. 29, 1999, interview with Le Figaro, said he was almost convinced that the government organized the terrorist acts. France- 86.9 million International Tourist Arrivals. Now he has invaded a neighboring sovereign country under another false flag subterfuge. Only 22 countries escaped British invasion, according to The Telegraph. 2. Hungary: 190 4. Mongols, Turks, Arabs, Greeks, Persians, and Romans. For example, Italy is on the map in red as having invaded Poland, when this was in fact the Romans, and not the modern Italian state, that did so. It is interesting (and tragic) that many of these locations have unrest to this day. Sweden Thanks! Due in major part to the First Liberian Civil War, Liberias economy is relatively underdeveloped, having a gross domestic product of only $3.222 billion as of 2019 (19891996). The occupation of Delhi destabilized the economy of the city, and the prices of goods rose significantly. The Russian government blamed the bombings as the act of Chechen terrorists and Putin ordered the bombing of Grozny, the Chechen capital. Every family judged to be in this category would also receive an extra 100 euros a month per child, the Spanish government said. Invasion-related operations tend to be strategic in both planning and execution considerably in size. The U.S. and West needs to remember that. The three regions together are home to more than two-thirds of 168,000 Ukrainians registered by the Interior Ministry as under temporary protection in Spain. As Feb. 22, 2022, dawns, the world watches to see if Russia launches an invasion of Ukraine. The Soviets occupied the country for 10 years before evacuating the country in disgrace. What do most of these countries have in common? Yes, the Mongols (not under Genghis Khan) attacked Southern Poland several times. WebThe most important reason no one can conquer Afghanistan is because any invader has to completely subdue the population. I mean, technically, if you go to China/India or the Fertile crescent, you'll see so many more battles or occupations as different empires formed, etc. /r/History is a place for discussions about history. The sector is harmed by illegal gold mining, but Zimbabwes loose mining licensing laws also permit foreign businesses to mine minerals for years at a time at low rates, leaving little incentive to increase mineral production. It's in modern day Turkey, west of Istanbul. Spain has portrayed itself as a staunch ally of Ukraine on the world stage. 8. Also see: How To Become a Successful Entrepreneur. The civilian protests soon transformed into an armed rebellion, and escalated into the Syrian Civil War of the present day. Relations between the Soviet Union and the United States were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. Has to be Coele-Syria. The land between the Tigris and Euphrates. The Mongols first appeared in the Indus River in 1221 when Genghis Khan pursued Sultan Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu to Ghazni. Other countries that come to mind that would be high on the list of most invaded country/territory are Egypt, Poland, the Balkans, Vietnam (or historical Indochina) and Korea. He joined forces with the local armies and successfully managed to keep the Mongolians from gaining more land in India. Congo, Republic of 6 North Korea. This is what British historian Stuart Laycock learned after his son asked him how many countries Britain had invaded. Privacy Statement In 2017, war in Ukraine still rages on, in a conflict known as the War in Donbass. Andrei Illovionov, a former key economic adviser to the Russian president, said that FSB involvement "is not a theory, it is a fact. War. When the president refused to do so, Hitler ordered that the invasion begin at dawn the next day. The surrender went into effect the next day, May 8. The mining industry of the nation is ineffective; its gold output fell by 30% in the first quarter of 2021. At the height of its empire, almost a quarter of the world succumbed to British rule. Zimbabwes agricultural and mining industries contributed to the expansion of the countrys economy before independence. Although peace initiatives have been attempted, fighting continues on as of the end of 2017. Really any area that was important was contested though. The Inclusion Ministry, which oversaw the policy, told the AP it gave the funds to Spains regional governments in October. A blog about current events and history and how they shape our world. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. WebTwice during the early 1980s the United States deployed troops to Lebanon to deal with the fall-out from the Israeli invasion. It is meant as a light-hearted bit of fun.. However, despite all of the measures undertaken, insurgency clashes and Taliban attacks continue to persist in the country. Assyrians, Persians, Egyptians, Romans, Muslims, Christians. Peru 1965. WebWhich Country Has Been Invaded the Most? View the list of all donors. As a key reaction to situations of instability, vulnerability, and contestation, communities form or join such groups. Yet this figure is dwarfed when time is disregarded and the British empires incursion record is viewed as a whole. Your Privacy Rights Vietnam 1961-73. In contrast, the new Iraqi army has a track record of being disorganized, corrupt, having subpar leadership, and having much lower morale. At the time he was the head of the FSB, the Russian re-branding of the KGB. The Poles came across the European Plain in 1605, followed by the Swedes under Charles XII in 1707, the French under Napoleon in 1812, and the Germanstwice, in both world wars, in 1914 and 1941. MADRID (AP) Thousands of Ukrainians who fled to Spain after Russia invaded their country last year are still waiting for promised payments of 400 euros ($425) a month in the Spanish regions where most of the refugees live. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. As German troops invaded and occupied more and more territory in 1940 Germany attacks western Europe, specifically France and the neutral Low Countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Iraq: Iraq has endured numerous wars, similar to Afghanistan. Russian troops in the Victory Day parade at Red Square in Moscow, May 9, 2015 Reuters. Japan. Someone, I think it was General Sir John Hackett, once described Poland as a football field 400 miles long. WebCountries marked in red showed that at some point throughout history, Russia had invaded or occupied. 10. Dominican Republic 1965-66. How Was Transportation Affected Globalization? Book Review- Kill Bin Laden: A Delta Force Command Book Review- Lone Survivor: The Eyewitness Account 9/11/01 + 3406 is better late than never. Cambodia 1969-70. Year. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. 5. President Boris Yeltsin was in need of a prime minister; Putin was recommended by former Communists in the government. Bolivia Required fields are marked *. An in-depth examination of the nation sheds light on the background of poverty in Zimbabwe. The ISIS militants, not limiting their actions to only Iraq, have also terrorized much of the world with their acts of extreme violence. 10 Countries Who Were Never Colonized by Europeans Nepal. Kyrgyzstan All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. The Facebook meme said that the United States has "invaded" 22 countries in the past 20 years. England because the been conquerd by the Romans,goths,Celts,saxon,french. Congo, Republic of Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. And these people are as WebAlgeria - The British navy battled the Barbary Corsairs, based in Algeria, in 1682. The mass murder of Europes Jews took place in the context of WWII. The vast majority of people depend on growing crops, and the bulk of the countrys exports consist of raw materials like iron ore as well as rubber. In any event, heres a list of the eclectic bunch that, at least for now, history says escaped the British: Andorra The armed forces have evolved into potent tools that are aligned with people rather than the state. For 18 gruelling months, thousands of foreign troops under British command fought Russians on Russian soil. Afghanistan is plagued by poverty in both its rural and urban areas. The United States responded to the Russian Revolution of 1917 by participating in the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War with the Allies of World War I in support of the White movement, in seeking to overthrow the Bolsheviks. 3. Invasion of Seleucid. Ukraine stands torn apart between the influences of the Russian government in the east and the European Union in the west. The most likely invasion of North Korea would happen from within, in the form of a coup. WebOver its history, a new study found, Britain has invaded almost 90 percent of the worlds countries. WebType: Invasion (aggressor) 2022 casualties (estimate): 15,000-20,000. Tajikistan Liberias economy frequently serves as a benchmark for Sub-Saharan African economies. Korea. Monaco Afghanistan: There has been conflicting in Afghanistan for a very long time. In an incident of international significance, the participating Russian troops shot down a Malaysian commercial airliner transiting Ukrainian airspace. Countries in Which War Casualties Fell Below 10,000 in 2022: Afghanistan. Japan. Which country Cannot be conquered? Vatican City, The Ambush That Changed History | 7. Britain attacked Algeria in 1816, attempting to end the slave trade. Guatemala An understanding of Americas invasin and occupation of the Soviet Union in 1919 is important for two reasons. German Military in Austria, 1938 The German military parades through Vienna on March 15, 1938, after the Anschluss. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. 3. The Inclusion Ministry said it had met its responsibility and the money was now the devolved administrations responsibility. France: 250+ 3. As German troops invaded and occupied more and more territory in 1940 Germany attacks western Europe, specifically France and the neutral Low Countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Also, in 2014, simultaneous to the invasion of Crimea, separatist Russian groups took control of two regions of eastern Ukraine and set up their own governments. Armed groups have become the main tool used by Somali power brokers, sub-federal administrations, the national government, and foreign interventionists to advance their goals. WebIt is difficult to determine the most invaded country in history as it largely depends on the criteria used to define an "invasion". 12 years ago the US and UK invaded, And again in 1991, before that the UK invaded in the early 1920s. There are a number of ongoing conflicts currently happening in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), some of which have been going on since as early as the 1970s. Credit: akg-images Around midnight, the president gave in and named Hitlers choice as chancellor. WebMost invaded country War finally broke out because the Congolese government was incapable of keeping the numerous armed factions under control and destroying them, Valencias regional president Ximo Puig, promised last week that the funds would be made available this month. Paraguay The top three locations from this map In 1942, Operation Torch. The region was conceded to Germany by the Czech government in an attempt to avoid war after the Germans made demands for it to be handed over. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. WebThe Worlds Most War-Torn Countries Afghanistan Beginning in 2001, U.S. forces raided Afghanistan to first topple the Taliban and then gradually ensure the complete eradication Foreigners have invaded the state over 200 times. Countries the U.S. has invaded after a declaration of war: Country. There are good intentions, but at times there have been problems of implementation.. Without question, the US invasion of Russia in 1918-1920 ranks in the top tier of such events, given the degree to which it is unknown to the vast majority of Americans, and how it profoundly affected the course of Russian-American relations during the twentieth century. The Mongol Empire. These include France, Germany, Iran and Japan. Chad Spain: 300+ 2. WebAccording to these figures from the US Department of Defense, the US had 199,005 members of its military on active duty at that time. Several Russian journalists investigated these events and reported FSB involvement. Russia invaded and occupied the Ukrainian region of Crimea in 2014, under the guise of protecting Russian-speaking Cossacks living there. I wonder how they're going to fuck me this time". A fourth bomb, in Ryazan, failed to explode. Britain has invaded 193 countries - all but 10 of the world's 203 countries - and continues to illegally and criminally invade other countries for oil and hegemony. Your email address will not be published. The book is not intended as any kind of moral judgment on our history or our empire, Laycock told The Telegraph. India is sometimes pointed out as the worlds most invaded country. Ivory Coast Uzbekistan Shortly after, the Mongols captured Peshawar and Lahore. On searchingthis topic out, it appears that there isnt a clear winner for most invaded country or territory. 3. It seems like Poland has had a lot of people take it. The Germans. Author Stuart Laycock worked his way through every country in the world alphabetically, searching for historical records of any incursion by the British. South Sudan: When it comes to countries with the worst political systems, South Sudan tops the list. The British colonized India until 1947 when they partitioned the colony into the present-day states of India and Pakistan. The central government promised in June that the most vulnerable Ukrainians WebSo here are the top 10 countries that are almost impossible to invade, in ascending order of their power and immunity to invasions: Contents hide 1 10 Bhutan 2 9 Iran 3 8 Australia 4 Additionally, it has been discovered that hardship in Afghanistan is primarily confined to rural areas. Contrastingly, the Iraqi army seems tragically weak, unable to pursue a successful counterinsurgency despite the United States massive investment in training and weapons, and easily defeated by the militants quick advances. They've all fought there. A century ago a British led intervention force landed in the far north of Russia. Opposing Tutsi as well as other exploitative rebel groups emerged as Hutu genocide survivors fled to the eastern DRC and organized military formations. Due to the presence of armed groups, the United States government currently warns against all travel to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cookie Settings, Kids Start Forgetting Early Childhood Around Age 7, Archaeologists Discover Wooden Spikes Described by Julius Caesar, Artificial Sweetener Tied to Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke, Study Finds, 5,000-Year-Old Tavern With Food Still Inside Discovered in Iraq, The Surprisingly Scientific Roots of Monkey Bars. Lets now explore in this essay the countries that are susceptible to invasion. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Monaco The Second KurdishIraqi War (19741975), the IranIraq War (19801988), and the Gulf War (19901991) are some of the major wars fought by Iraq in the past century. Here are the 20 most visited countries in the world in 2022. In 1858, the British formally declared India its colony by establishing the British Raj. Mexico may stand out as an interesting inclusion on this list. CAV has had 7 presidents since gaining independence in 1960 through the departure of President Djotodia, four of whom held office for more than ten years. These sides are the forces associated with Ali Abdullah Saleh, who are based in Sanaa, and the forces loyal to Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, who are based in the port city of Aden. The 5,200-kilometer-long border of the CAR is mainly unprotected. Iran. Other examples of countries Its advantageous positioning on the Mediterranean Sea has given way to many different dominions throughout the centuries. WebFormer Teacher 1 y Not true - there are other lands outside India who suffered from more frequent invasions - like Balkh of Northern Afghanistan which has the sad history of being one of the most invaded and sacked areas in history. Russian troops invaded Georgia in 2008 and occupy one-fourth of the country today. Sweden Contrary to Lavrovs claim, the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, launched an invasion of Ukraine on 24 February last year, in what he called a special military operation. The ending of the monarchy in Russia was marked by the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in March 1917. when the monarchy officially ceases to exist. Laycock believes that some of those countries, such as Mongolia, actually did host British invaders, but he could find no historical evidence to back up his hunch. The United States is the most invaded country, receiving all tilapia species. India is sometimes said to be the most invaded country in the world. Here are the members of this exclusive club, the countries that Britain hasnt invaded (and that should maybe be a little wary now): Andorra Contrary to popular belief the Poles and Germans got along well back then (although some minor skirmishes did happen). The Russian government was teetering on the brink, faced with a sinking economy, wholesale theft of industrial assets and a growing revolt in Chechnya. They established a trade route across India until the Dutch arrived and established the Dutch East India Company. After Polands defeat in early October 1939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union divided the country in accordance with a secret protocol to the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact. Liberia: Liberias political stability and rate of economic growth are both weak. Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science writer based in Brooklyn. The mass murder of Europes Jews took place in the context of WWII. ), the the World Wars (in both directions). What do most of these countries WebHow Many Countries has the US Invaded 2023. Bolivia All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. It is the world's WebThis is what British historian Stuart Laycock learned after his son asked him how many countries Britain had invaded. Estimates for the number of Russian troops lost thus far in the country's "special military operation" in Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to bolster the corrupt Communist regime in Kabul in its fight against Taliban insurrectionists. Belarus Mongolia WebCountries marked in red showed that at some point throughout history, Russia had invaded or occupied. It will be one of the hardest countries to invade. Great Britain. The Mongols (well, the Mongolian Empire twice and the Golden Horde once) invaded Poland three separate times with varying amounts of success, but after Genghis Khan had died. And the Serbians, Goths, and basically the Balkans. The ministry expected 40,000 applications. He declared himself the king and lowered the status of the then king to the governor of Punjab. After two centuries of conflict, the Russian fleet had destroyed the Ottoman navy and the Russian army had inflicted heavy defeats on the Ottoman land forces. As German troops invaded and occupied more and more territory, in Europe, the Soviet Union, and North Africa, War, agrees to participate in the invasion. The most common outcome is territory loss, which frequently manifests as a change in leadership and frequently ends with the losing party losing total control of that country. As negotiations to establish a post-Gaddafi Libya fail, the calm that contributed to its success has been ruptured, and even the capital, Tripoli, is now the scene of conflict between rival groups. Since Col. Muammar Gaddafi, the countrys longtime leader was overthrown by NATO-backed forces in October 2011, Libya has been engulfed in rebellion. Four conflict-ridden, unstable countries that differ in violence share borders with the CAR. And don't forget the multiple crusades. This event took place during the Russian Revolutions, and was the consequence of the same, beginning in 1905, then Revolution in 1917. Also see: Most Dangerous Jobs In The World. Russia invaded Georgia in 2008. How Do You Get Rid Of Hiccups In 5 Seconds? The most dangerous countries in the world to visit in 2023 have been revealed in the latest Travel Risk Map. And one more thing, hes an autocrat. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. 12 years ago the US and UK invaded, And again in 1991, before that the UK invaded in the early 1920s. Between 1944 and 1946, the USSR invaded Poland again to put down anti-Communist resistance. WebBackground Obama nungara is a species of land flatworm originating from South America; the species was recently described and distinguished from a similar species, Obama marmorata. Czechoslovakia The occupation of the Sudetenland, the border regions in the north and west of Czechoslovakia, was the first time Hitler flexed his military muscles in Europe. from MapPorn Others, Although the exact answer is up for debate, there are compelling reasons to believe that India may just be the most invaded country of all time. The country has been physically invaded a few times once during the War of 1812, once during the MexicanAmerican War, several times during the Mexican Border War, and twice during World War II. Since the continuing civil war first broke out in Somalia thirty years ago, militia organizations have historically been a distinguishing aspect of the countrys conflict environment. The war has officially been ongoing since 2006, and it is estimated that as many as 120,000 people have lost their lives as a result of it. The only way they leave power is in a box. This is solely due to its unstable political structure, which also leaves it with one of the worlds most underdeveloped militaries. 9. 7 Switzerland. Foreigners have invaded the state over 200 times. Mongols, Turks, Arabs, Greeks, Persians, and Romans. Recommended: Most Powerful Countries in Africa 2022. A militarized political culture that raises the possibility of violent conflict has made the task of reforming the security sector difficult. In 1498, the Ottoman Empire closed the route to the Far East forcing the Portuguese to seek an alternative way. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Foreigners have invaded the state over 200 times. To make matters work, deadly attacks have also been carried out in Yemen by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (or ISIS), as well as Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). It is estimated that the former Soviet Union lost some 1.5 million combatants, and around 8 million civilians died following armed attacks, famine and disease. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Hundreds of thousands of Mongol warriors, led by Khan Batu (grandson of Genghis Khan), invaded the Russian lands around the 1220s-1230s. The force was part of the larger Allied North Russia Intervention. Today, Russian troops have entered eastern Ukraine in support of the Russian-speaking separatists who have been fighting Ukrainian troops since 2014. Although the exact answer is up for debate, there are compelling reasons to believe that India may just be the most invaded country of all time. The USSR invaded Hungary in 1956 to halt democratic reforms of the government. How to Take Over a Small Country in 10 Easy Steps. The Madrid region intends to distribute the money as soon as possible, a spokesperson said. The mass murder of Europes Jews took place in the context of WWII. The Romans, Vikings, English, Spanish, "Hapsburgs" (etc. This makes Sweden the nation which has had the longest period of peace. Four out of five poor persons, on average, reside in rural areas. 6. He talks about each one inAll the Countries We've Ever Invaded: And the Few We Never Got Round To, released in 2012. Washington, DC 20024-2126 Between Sept. 4 and 16 of that year, a series of bombings of apartment blocks in Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk took place, killing 300 residents and injuring more than 100. Americans had long been wary of Soviet communism and concerned about Russian leader Joseph Stalins tyrannical rule of his own country. | READ MORE. Spanish media reported that up to eight regions have yet to make any of the promised payments. A shocking study reveals that around half a million Iraqis, including those killed directly or indirectly, lost their lives to warfare between 2003 and 2011. The 2019 survey found that 82% of Crimeas population supported Crimeas accession to Russia, as opposed to 86% in 2014. Press J to jump to the feed. Russia possesses second-strike capability, and unless youre ready to take a nuclear hit from Russiawhich no one canyou need to embrace the notion of a total annihilation of your country. However, the relationship between the two nations was a tense one. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 The most dangerous countries to visit in 2023 are Afghanistan, Central African Republic, Iraq, Libya, Mali, Somalia, South Sudan, Syria, Ukraine and Yemen according to the latest Travel Risk Map, an interactive tool produced I feel like Poland has a small panic attack ANY time there is a conflict between 2 countries. Paraguay Ukrainians are looking for homes to rent now, and its difficult for families to find a place and pay for it, Yuri Chopyk, who leads a Ukrainian community group in Madrid, said. Across Europe, about 8 million refugees have been recorded, according to U.N. estimates based on data from national governments, and nearly 5 million of those have applied for temporary protection. Depending on the objectives of both the invaders and the defenders, the success of the invading and the defense, and the extent to which the parties to the conflict have achieved an agreement, the outcomes of an invasion may vary. The bombing and Russian invasion of Dagestan launched the Second Chechen War.
Cluster B Family Dynamics, Articles M
Cluster B Family Dynamics, Articles M